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NEW QUESTION # 14
You are the Test Manager of a new project that will have three formal levels of testing unit, integration and system testing. The testing strategy you decide to adopt a blend of risk-based testing and reactive testing strategies.
Which of the following answers describes the most consistent example of implementation of this test strategy during the execution of the system tests?
- A. Your test team executes system tests under the guidance of a sample of users throughout the system test phase
- B. Your test team executes scripted tests designed and implemented before the execution of the system test phase, to cover the identified product risks. It also performs exploratory testing sessions throughout the system test phase
- C. Your test team executes exploratory tests following a session-based test management approach throughout the system test phase
- D. Your test team autonomously performs some exploratory testing sessions and, at the very end of the system testing phase, it also executes more system tests under the guidance of a sample of users
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 15
In whatway is the operations team usually Involved In testing7
- A. To conduct user acceptance testing
- B. To conduct end-to-end transactional testing
- C. To conduct operational acceptance testing
- D. To conduct security testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Operations Team Role in Testing:
* The operations team ensures that the system meets operational requirements such as deployment, maintenance, and disaster recovery, which are validated duringOperational Acceptance Testing (OAT).
* Evaluation of Options:
* Ais correct because OAT is typically conducted by the operations team.
* B(User acceptance testing) is conducted by end-users, not the operations team.
* C(Security testing) is typically handled by security experts.
* D(End-to-end transactional testing) is a functional testing activity, not specific to the operations team.
References and Syllabus Alignment:
* OAT is highlighted under "Acceptance Testing" in the ISTQB syllabus (TM-1.2.7)
NEW QUESTION # 16
For which of the following activities would the costs be classified as a cost of detection?
- A. Training developers to better understand the new features of the coding language they will use on the project
- B. Writing test specifications according to the test design
- C. Re-running a test case, during the system testing phase, to verify that a fix eliminates a previously found defect
- D. Fixing field failures
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 17
Your defect opened trend is converging to the closed trend but there is still a gap. What does that gap represent?
- A. Defects that will be introduced to production
- B. Defects that are projected but have not been found yet
- C. Defects that have resulted from regressions
- D. Defects fixed but not yet closed
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Understanding the Defect Trend Gap:
* A gap between "defects opened" and "defects closed" usually indicates defects that have been resolved (fixed) but are pending formal closure, often awaiting retesting or approval.
* The trend convergence suggests the defect management process is effective, but some defects are still in the verification stage.
* Evaluation of Options:
* Ais incorrect: The gap does not indicate projected but unfound defects.
* Cis incorrect: Regression defects would cause a divergence, not convergence, in trends.
* Dis incorrect: Defects introduced to production are unrelated to the convergence.
* Bis correct as it aligns with the standard defect lifecycle.
References and Syllabus Alignment:
* This aligns with "Defect Management" in the ISTQB syllabus, emphasizing defect lifecycle tracking (TM-2.3.1).
NEW QUESTION # 18
In the test strategy document your organization declares:
- To adopt a V-model development lifecycle, with three formal levels of testing unit, integration and system testing
- To use a blended risk-based and regression-averse testing strategy for each level of testing The following is an excerpt of the "approach" section for the system test plan document of a new project:
"Testing will only use manual tests. Due to the short period of time for test execution, the following activities will be performed in parallel with test execution: Test planning, test analysis and test design.
Basic metrics will be taken for test effort (i.e. person-hours), test cases executed (passed/failed), and incidents (no more metrics, such as code coverage, will be collected)." In the system test plan, no deviations from the test strategy are described.
Based only on the given information, which of the following statements is true?
- A. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the regression testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the risk-based testing strategy
- B. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the risk-based testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the regression testing strategy
- C. The approach described the system test plan document is inconsistent with both the risk-based and regression testing strategies
- D. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the test strategy
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Test Management
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 19
Assume you are a Test Manager involved in system testing of a CRM application for a Pay-TV company.
Currently the application is able to support a proper number of users assuring the required responsiveness.
Since the business is expected to grow, you have been asked to evaluate the ability of the application to grow to support more users while maintaining the same responsiveness.
Which of the following tools would you expect to be the most useful at performing this evaluation?
- A. Performance tools
- B. Test management tools
- C. Static analysis tools
- D. Coverage tools
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Test Tools and Automation
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 20
When Is the metric for the percentage of requirements coverage defined?
- A. Test execution
- B. Test completion
- C. Test planning
- D. Test monitoring
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Context Analysis:
* Requirements coverage must be defined during test planning to ensure tests align with all requirements from the start of the project.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A. Test planning:
* Correct. Coverage goals are established during planning to define test objectives and scope.
* B. Test monitoring:
* Incorrect. Monitoring tracks progress but doesn't define coverage.
* C. Test execution:
* Incorrect. Execution measures coverage but doesn't define it.
* D. Test completion:
* Incorrect. Completion reviews coverage metrics but doesn't define them.
* Syllabus Alignment:
* Test planning (TM-1.1.1) includes defining coverage goals and ensuring alignment with requirements.
References:
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus (TM-1.1.1)
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the Mowing Is commonly used by a test manager to identity risks'
- A. Record/playback test automation tools
- B. Function points within the software
- C. Experience with similar projects
- D. Lines of code in the system under test
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Common Risk Identification Techniques:
* A test manager often relies on experience with similar projects to foresee risks related to technical complexity, domain challenges, or previous defects.
* Other options listed are less effective for comprehensive risk identification.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A(Lines of code) andB(Function points) are quantitative measures, not directly tied to risk identification.
* Cis correct as past experience is crucial for identifying risks early.
* D(Record/playback tools) is irrelevant to risk analysis.
References and Syllabus Alignment:
* Risk identification techniques are discussed under "Risk Management" (TM-1.3.1).
NEW QUESTION # 22
The main objectives the senior management team wants to achieve are:
- to reduce the costs associated with dynamic testing
- to use reviews to ensure that the project is on course for success and following the plan
- to use reviews as a well-documented and effective bug-removal activity following a formal
process with well-defined roles
- to determine the effectiveness of reviews in terms of phase containment
- to improve phase containment effectiveness
Which of the following answers would you expect to describe the best way to achieve these
objectives?
K4 3 credits
- A. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and
testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an
analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects - B. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development phase
and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform
an analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the people responsible for those
bugs - C. You should plan for lightweight exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and
testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an
analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects - D. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and
testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an
analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the phase in which they have been
introduced
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 23
You are working on a project to develop an authentication system for an e-commerce
website. This system provides two features: Registration and authentication. Two different
development teams develop these two features.
There is a high likelihood that the delivery of the authentication feature to the test team will
be three weeks later. To complete the registration the user must provide the following
registration inputs: Name, surname, birth date, fiscal code and he/she can select a
username and a password.
A registered user can be a special user or a normal user. To be identified as a special user,
he/she must also provide, during the registration process, a voucher possibly received from
the IT department.
Access is granted only if a user is registered and the password is correct: In all other cases
access is denied. If the registered user is a special user and the password is wrong, a
special warning is shown on the system console.
You are currently performing a quality risk analysis using FMEA.
Based only on the given information, which of the following is NOT a product risk that could
be identified during the quality risk analysis?
K4 3 credits
- A. The authentication system grants access to a special user with a wrong password
- B. The authentication system denies access for a special user with a wrong password, but
doesn't display a special warning on the system console - C. The late delivery of the authentication feature to the test team causes delays in the start
of test execution and this could result in a shorter test period - D. The authentication system grants access to a normal user with a wrong password
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements describing how identified product quality risks should be mitigated and managed, is true?
- A. The extent of re-testing and regression testing activities should be based on the risk level
- B. The identification of new risks, the re-assessment of the level of existing risks and the evaluation of the effectiveness of risk mitigation activities should only occur at the very beginning of a project
- C. Risk mitigation of product quality risks can be effective only after starting test execution
- D. The priority of the development and execution of tests should not be based on the risk level but only on the likelihood
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following statements describing the consequences of specifying test conditions at a detailed level is NOT true?
- A. The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can require the implementation of an adequate level of formality across the team
- B. The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can be effective when no formal requirements or other development work products are available
- C. In an environment where the test basis is continuously changing, it is recommended to specify test conditions at a detailed level in order to achieve a better maintainability
- D. For system testing, the specification of test conditions at a detailed level, carried out early in the project as soon as the test basis is established, can contribute to defect prevention
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 26
After the presentation, you are asked to explain the chart.
Assume you have applied a full risk-based testing strategy.
Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the pie chart?
K4 3 credits
- A. According to the full risk-based testing strategy applied, it is very likely that the highest-
risk items, tests and bugs remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore, it is very risky to
release the application - B. Only the lowest-risk items, tests and bugs should remain in the blue and red areas.
Therefore the application can be released at any time subject to management of the items
identified in those areas - C. 97 percent of the risk items has been tested. No open bugs or test failures remain. Only
3 percent of risk items remains to be covered by the remaining test - D. All the risk items have been covered with tests. No more risk items remain to test
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 27
You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a web customer portal of a Pay-TV company that allows customers (with a smartcard and a set-top box) to purchase digital contents.
In the "select" page the system displays a dialogue where the customer can select the items (digital contents) he/she is interested in. In this page he/she can add one or more items to a shopping cart. An item consists of a product and a duration.
There are three types of products: Movie, sport and premium (movie and sport).
There are four possible durations: 1 months, 2 months, winter (from the beginning of January to end of March) and summer (from the beginning of July to end of September).
All the combinations of products and durations are allowed to define an item. Thus there are twelve possible items. A maximum of six different items can be added to the shopping cart at a time.
When the customer decides to check out he/she goes to the "purchase" page where he/she can pay the total amount of the shopping cart in three different ways:
- using a credit voucher
- using a credit already charged on the smartcard
- using a credit card (accepted credit cards are. Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card) The customer can logout from both the "select" and "purchase" pages. In this case no purchase is made.
You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy and the following is a subset of the exit criteria for system testing:
EXCR1- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition You are following a risk-based testing strategy. The test execution time is very limited. Assume that all the product risk items require more or less the same level of test effort.
Which of the following answers describes the best execution schedule in this scenario?
- A. 1- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card2- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card3- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
- B. 1- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card2- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents3- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
- C. 1- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 2- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card3- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
- D. 1- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel2- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents3- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card4- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following would you expect to be most likely an example of a demotivating
factor for testers?
K2 1 credit
- A. The testers' recommendations to improve the system or its testability are adopted by the
development team - B. The same regressions tests are manually executed by the same testers, for every
product release, without regression test tools - C. The testers are assessed on whether and how often they detect important and critical
failures - D. Test quality is measured by counting the number of customer/user reported problems.
- E. The management asks the testers to be kept informed about the intensity, quality and
results of testing
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 29
After the presentation, you are asked to explain the chart.
Assume you have applied a full risk-based testing strategy.
Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the pie chart?
- A. According to the full risk-based testing strategy applied, it is very likely that the highest-risk items, tests and bugs remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore, it is very risky to release the application
- B. 97 percent of the risk items has been tested. No open bugs or test failures remain. Only 3 percent of risk items remains to be covered by the remaining test
- C. Only the lowest-risk items, tests and bugs should remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore the application can be released at any time subject to management of the items identified in those areas
- D. All the risk items have been covered with tests. No more risk items remain to test
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Improving the Testing Process
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 30
Consider the following skills assessment spreadsheet for your test team (consisting of four team members):
This spreadsheet has three sections: technical expertise, testing skills and professionalism.
The skill levels for each skill area for both the "technical expertise" and "testing skills" sections have been rated on a four-point scale:
- E (Expert): indicates that a person has expert knowledge and experience in the skill area
- B (Beginner): indicates that a person has some knowledge and experience in the skill area but he/she is not autonomous
- W (Wants to learn): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area but he/she wants to learn that skill
- NI (Not Interested): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area and he/she is not interested to learn that skill
The skill levels for each skill area of the "professionalism" section have been rated on a three point scale (H=High, M=Medium, L=Low).
You are using this skills assessment spreadsheet in order to define a training development plan for your test team.
Your objective is to fill the skill gaps by having at least a team member rated as an expert for each skill identified for the "technical expertise" and "testing skills" sections, and with the ability to train the other team members.
Considering the budget constraints you can send only one person to a training course.
Based only on the given information, which of the following answers would you expect to be the best option to achieve your objective?
- A. Send Mark to a test automation training course
- B. Send Robert to a performance testing training course
- C. Send John to a performance testing training course
- D. Send Alex to a performance testing training course
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 31
During the follow-up phase the following conditions are checked:
X1. The code has been completely reviewed
X2. All the identified defects have been correctly fixed and the modified code has been
compiled successfully and run through all the static analyzers used by the project without
warnings and errors
X3. The modified code is available under the configuration management system with a new
version number for the specified CI
If these conditions are fulfilled then the review process terminates.
Which of the following characteristics of a formal review is missing in this description?
K2 1 credit
- A. Defined entry and exit criteria
- B. Deliverables such as reports, evaluation sheets or other review summary sheets
- C. Checklists to be used by the reviewers
- D. Metrics for reporting on the review effectiveness, efficiency, and progress
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 32
Assume you are the Test Manager in charge of independent testing for avionics applications.
You are in charge of testing for a project to implement three different CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item):
- a BOOT-X CSCI that must be certified at level B of the DO-178B standard
- a DIAG-X CSCI that must be certified at level C of the DO-178B standard
- a DRIV-X CSCI that must be certified at level A of the DO-178B standard These are three different software modules written in C language to run on a specific hardware platform.
You have been asked to select a single code coverage tool to perform the mandatory code coverage measurements, in order to meet the structural coverage criteria prescribed by the DO-178B standard. This tool must be qualified as a verification tool under DO-178B.
Since there are significant budget constraints to purchase this tool, you are evaluating an open-source tool that is able to provide different types of code coverage. This tool meets perfectly your technical needs in terms of the programming language and the specific hardware platform (it supports also the specific C-compiler).
The source code of the tool is available.
Your team could easily customize the tool to meet the project needs. This tool is not qualified as a verification tool under the DO-178B.
Which of the following are the three main concerns related to that open-source tool selection?
- A. Is the licensing scheme of the tool compatible with the confidentiality needs of the avionics company?
- B. Does the tool require a system with more than 4GB of RAM memory?
- C. Does the tool support all the types of code coverage required from the three levels A, B, C of the DO-178B standard?
- D. What are the costs to qualify the tool as a verification tool under the DO-178B?
- E. Does the tool have a good general usability?
- F. Is the installation procedure of the tool easy?
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Section: Test Tools and Automation
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 33
Consider a defect report and assume that a part of its lifecycle includes the following
states:
New: Is the initial state
WorkinG. Means that the developers are addressing the defect in order to produce a fix for
the defect Clarification: Means that the developers need more information from the tester to
address the defect and produce a fix for the defect and the tester is working to provide this
information to the developers Verification: Means that a fix for the defect has been
produced and the tester is running the adequate tests to verify whether the fix solves the
defect
CloseD. is the final state
Which of the following answers represents an invalid sequence of states that can't lead the
bug report to the "Closed" state?
K2 1 credit
- A. New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Closed
- B. New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed
- C. New, Working, Verification, Closed
- D. New, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 34
Consider the following list of statements about audits and management reviews:
I. Audits are usually more effective than management reviews at finding defects
II. Audits and management reviews have the same main goals, the only difference is
related to the roles and level of formality
III. A typical outcome of an audit includes observations and recommendations, corrective
actions and a pass/fail assessment
IV. An audit is not the appropriate mechanism to use at the code review in order to detect
defects prior to dynamic testing
Which of the following statements is true?
K2 1 credit
- A. I, III and IV are true; II. is false;
- B. I. and III. are true; II. and IV. are false;
- C. III. and IV. are true; I and II are false;
- D. II. and III are true; I. and IV. are false;
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 35
You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a client-server application that allows wine vendors to order custom-assorted packages of wines of several winemakers to sell special packages in their wine shops.
You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy. Below the exit criteria for the system testing.
EXCR1- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition The following are the "critical" requirements of the application:
REQ-SEL-1. The application shall allow the user to order only one package at a time REQ-SEL-2. The application shall allow the user to select between four different packages (2-bottles, 6- bottles, 12-bottles, 15-bottles)
REQ-SEL-3. The application shall allow the user to order a package containing at least 1 bottle and no more bottles than the package size. No error messages shall be displayed if the user selects a valid number of bottles (at least 1 bottle and no more than the package size) REQ-SEL-4. The application shall display an error message "Invalid number of bottles" if an invalid number of bottles is selected by the user (zero bottles or a number higher than the package size) REQ-PAY-1. The application shall allow the user to pay with the three accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express)
REQ-PAY-2. The application shall display an error message "Invalid credit card" if invalid credit card data are given by the user
The following is the unique "critical" quality risk item that has been identified:
CR-RSK-1. The GUI of the application might accept non-integer values for the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user
Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified.
TC-SEL-2. Test the selection of the package sizes
TC-SEL-4. Test wrong numbers of bottles for an order
TC-CR-RSK-1. Test the accepted values from the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user
Assume that you have used traceability to determine the logical test cases that cover all the requirements and the single risk item identified in that scenario.
Which of the following is a positive logical test that is complete and correct, and covers the REQ-SEL-4 requirement?
- A. Select a 6-bottles package, then try to insert 5 bottles; verify that no error messages are displayed
- B. Select a 6-bottles package, then try to insert 7 bottles; verify that the "Invalid number of bottles" message is displayed
- C. Select a 6-bottles package, then try to insert 7 bottles; verify that no error messages are displayed
- D. Select a 6-bottles package, then try to insert 7 bottles
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are the Test Manager on a project following an iterative life-cycle model. The project should consist of nine iterations of one month duration each. It is planned to develop the most important features to have a stable core of the application in the first three iterations and to add the additional features in the last six iterations.
At the beginning of the first iteration, only a draft version of the requirements specification document for the core features is available. Assume that during each of the first three iterations, the chosen features are fully completed and unit tested.
Which of the following statements is true in this context?
- A. You should allocate all the effort for the system test phase only in the last iteration
- B. You should allocate a large effort for system testing during the first three iterations
- C. The system test phase should start when all the requirements are frozen
- D. You should apply the same test strategy as used in a sequential life cycle model
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Test Management
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 37
After a selection process you have selected a test management tool that is going be
introduced in your organization and used by your test team in a pilot project.
You have already identified the member of your test team who will be the administrator of
the tool, since he/she has a significant experience with the administration of test
management tools and so he/she is able to make effective and efficient up-front decisions
about "how" the tool will be used. You have also developed a training plan for the other
members of your test team.
In collaboration with the administrator of the tool you have also devised standard ways of
managing, storing and maintaining the tool and its assets including backup/restore
procedures.
You have also analyzed standard formats supported by the tool (CSV, XLS, XML, etc.) to
export, import and archive all the information managed by the tool itself (requirements, test
case specifications, test plans etc.) for compliance with the most important test
management tools, in order to minimize the impacts of migrating this information to a new
tool that could replace the existing one in the future.
Which of the following phases in the lifecycle of the new tool has NOT been adequately
considered in this description?
K2 1 credit
- A. Acquisition
- B. Evolution
- C. Retirement
- D. Support and maintenance
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 38
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